Mine Ecological Restoration｜How can resource cities recreate beautiful mountains and rivers?
Handan City, Hebei Province contains a wide variety of mineral resources. It is a famous coal and high-grade iron ore production area in the country. It is known as the modern "Steel City" and "Coal City" and is rich in the "two blacks" - Coal and iron resources. Coal and iron ore reserves reach 4 billion tons and 480 million tons respectively. Among them, coal reserves are abundant, coal types are complete, and coal quality is good; iron ore is of high grade, has few harmful impurities, and has good selectivity. In addition, there are relatively abundant non-metallic mineral resources such as bauxite, refractory clay, pyrite, potassium-containing sand shale, carbon stone and more than 40 kinds of mineral deposits. 200 mineral deposits of various types.
Handan City has a long history of outstanding debts for environmental management of mine wastelands, and the management pressure is relatively high. Currently, the closure of mines requires enterprises to bear the repair costs themselves, and the responsible party for the loss of mines mainly relies on government financial allocations. Relevant counties (cities, districts) have actively explored and achieved phased results in governance models, governance methods, fund raising, etc. based on their respective characteristics and actual conditions.
Fengfeng "Mining Area Transformed into Scenic Spot"
Fengfeng Mining Area was founded in 1950. As of 2006, the proven mineral resources in Fengfeng Mining Area include more than 30 kinds of mineral resources, including coal, iron ore, china clay, bauxite, limestone, marble, gypsum, etc., of which raw coal reserves are 3.5 billion tons and bauxite reserves are 400 million tons. , 5.5 billion tons of high-quality limestone, 300 million tons of coal gangue, and 200 million tons of purple sand soil.
In recent years, Fengfeng Mining Area has adhered to the concept of ecological priority and green development, put forward the restoration goal of "turning mines into scenic mountains, and mining areas into scenic spots", vigorously promoted mine closures and in-depth management of open-pit mines, and greatly improved the regional ecology and mining The geological environment has explored a new path for green transformation of old industrial and mining areas.
Xiangtang Mountain is a remnant of the Taihang Mountains. It stretches from north to south and divides Fengfeng Mining Area into east and west parts. It is famous for having the Xiangtangshan Grottoes, a national cultural relic, and because of its good stone quality. At one time, there were hundreds of stone mines in the area. The mountain was also riddled with holes, destroying vegetation and deteriorating the ecology.
In 2013, Fengfeng Mining District began to accelerate the implementation of the greening and reclamation project of abandoned mines. In towns such as Linshui, Fengfeng, and Yijing, the natural resources department has collaborated with towns and villages to level the land and carry out ecological management of abandoned mines. The surrounding exposed mines have been greened, and the formerly abandoned mines are full of vitality. In 2014, Fengfeng Mining District took the lead in implementing mining rights reduction management in Handan City, fully implemented the mining ban in Xiangtang Mountain, and further reduced the source of mines to be repaired. In 2016, local natural resources, forestry and other departments approved the reclamation and management of the abandoned mine in Nanxiangtang Mountain, and the mine was transformed into a "Hui"-shaped mountain forest park.
In the process of rehabilitating abandoned mines, Fengfeng Mining Area has formed its own unique model and achieved good multiple benefits.
Attract diverse investment entities to participate. For production mines, we adhere to the principle of "whoever destroys it will be punished" and urge mining companies to fulfill their social responsibilities. In line with the principle of "diversification of investment entities, project-oriented governance projects, and standardization of governance processes", we adopt the "four one" approach of financial investment, competition from the public, enterprises to get some, and public financing to raise funds for mine restoration through multiple channels. funds. In the past few years, 360 million yuan has been invested in mine management through various channels. Among them, state-owned enterprises represented by Jingetai Bank have invested a total of about 256 million yuan in implementing boundary greening, road hardening, transportation dust suppression and other management of mines and surrounding areas.
Encourage the universalization of governance subjects. Taking advantage of the "east wind" of the three-year land greening campaign, we have mobilized all sectors of society to actively participate in mine restoration and management. Since last year, the general public in the region has participated in the restoration of more than 20,000 acres of green open-pit mines.
Adhere to overall planning and promotion and comprehensive improvement. Coordinate mining environmental management and ecological construction, urban and rural development, industrial transformation and other work to achieve the comprehensive effect of "multiple benefits with one stone". Combine ecological restoration of mining areas with management of coal mining subsidence areas. The land in the coal mining subsidence area was comprehensively managed, covering an area of 10 square kilometers. According to local conditions, a Qingquan Park covering an area of more than 600 acres was built. Combine ecological restoration of mining areas with industrial transformation and upgrading. Through a series of comprehensive measures such as bans, shutdowns and mining bans, mining companies have been forced to change their development ideas and transform towards green, low-carbon and environmentally friendly sustainable development. Combine the ecological restoration of mining areas with the expansion of urban development space. For abandoned mine lands that are suitable for reclamation, a large amount of damaged land has been restored to its use value through engineering methods such as soil backfilling, slope cutting and leveling, and the policy of balancing occupation and compensation. Integrate ecological restoration of mining areas with rural revitalization strategies. Encourage and support powerful agricultural enterprises and major afforestation households to actively participate in open-pit mine restoration and management projects, guide them to plant Chinese herbal medicine, economic forests, etc., and revitalize "negative assets". Combine the ecological restoration of the mining area with the promotion of city-wide tourism. Adhering to the idea of "mine management + tourism", we vigorously promote the Nanxiangtang Mountain Mine Restoration and Management Project. Through slope landscaping, road construction along the mountain, and vegetation coverage, the "Bald Mountain" that used to be crisscrossed with ravines and barren of grass has turned into a green, green, and grassy "Bald Mountain". The beautiful environment of "Linhai Mountain" and "Scenery Mountain".
Wu'an:
Multi-leg walking realizes mine site restoration
Wu'an City was once one of the 24 key coal-producing counties in the country and one of the four rich iron ore bases in the country. During the long-term development process, many open-pit mine sites have been left behind, which requires a large amount of treatment, heavy tasks, and a large consumption of funds.
In recent years, Wu'an City has focused on building a national-level open-pit mine ecological restoration and management demonstration zone, following the principle of "foresting when it is suitable for foresting, cultivating when it is suitable for farming, and building when it is suitable for construction", and has built a fund guarantee mechanism with "prominent main body and multi-legged walking" , has invested 200 million yuan and launched ecological restoration and management of 70 open-pit mines to achieve harmonious development of economy and ecological environment.
Jiulong Mountain is located 10 kilometers due east of Wu'an City and is a natural ecological barrier in the west of the main urban area of Handan. In the past, due to large-scale coal mining, the mountain was riddled with holes. At one time, there were many derricks and mountains of coal gangue everywhere. Starting in 2017, we have combined ecological restoration of mines with cultural tourism to create a new ecological district in Jiulong Mountain with high standards. We have carried out detailed planning on the basis of shutting down "scattered and polluting" enterprises, demolishing illegal buildings, renovating slag hills, and filling abandoned shafts. , carried out mountain restoration through landfilling, reshaping the terrain, covering with soil, etc., and implemented projects such as geological disaster management, afforestation and water system dredging, etc., to restore the natural ecology. Jiulongshan Ecological New Zone has a planned total land area of 12 square kilometers. Based on natural topography and mountain greening, it has built unique ecological sports and leisure areas such as ecological healthy greenways, mountain leisure sports areas, and ecological restoration demonstration areas. It has now It has become the first choice for leisure travel for people in Handan and surrounding areas. In 2019, Jiulong Mountain also became the viewing point of the 4th Handan Tourism Development Conference.
In the process of promoting the ecological restoration of mines in recent years, Wu'an has highlighted the responsibility of the main body of the mine and adhered to the principle of "whoever destroys it will manage it, whoever mines it will manage it". For open-pit mines that are responsible entities, the mine ecological restoration management fund will be paid according to the area of treatment. , specially used for tree planting and greening. At the same time, various sources of funds should be solved, and on the basis of making good use of provincial fiscal special expenses, we should strive to maximize local financial support, and design, construct and manage multiple contiguous mining areas in the region together to create a beautiful environment and An ecologically friendly and geologically stable "national mine management demonstration area" (Shucun Area Mine Ecological Environment Comprehensive Management Area). Make full use of the policy path of “balance of consumption and compensation” to maximize economic and ecological benefits. Through methods such as land padding and masonry terraces, a large area of land has been restored and transformed into cultivated land for cultivation of wheat, corn, walnuts, etc., which not only achieves ecological cycle development, but also provides more construction land indicators for the development of the city. Only 600 acres of land in Shucun area can be restored to cultivated land. As an indicator of the balance of occupation and compensation, each mu can receive a balance index fee of 140,000 yuan.
Fushan Iron Mine:
The government leads the way, and enterprises are responsible for rebuilding beautiful mountains and rivers
Fushan Iron Mine was founded in 1959 and is located one kilometer west of Xixu Village, Xixu Town, Shexian County, covering a total area of 6847.47 acres. It is the first iron ore enterprise in my country to mechanize underground mining operations. It is my country's first mining enterprise that combines open-pit mining and underground mining. It is an "old hero" enterprise in the development of the metallurgical industry in the era of my country's planned economy. It was once affiliated to China Minmetals Group Handan Mining Co., Ltd. In 2016, the entire mine was transferred to the jurisdiction of the People's Government of Shexian County and is operated and managed by Shexian Xinbao Group. The development model of Fushan Iron Mine has also changed.
The Fushan Iron Mine Restoration and Management Project is a key project for Shexian County to combine mine management with ecological restoration and mine park construction, and is determined to truly embark on a green development path that transforms mines into green mountains, bare rock into ecology, and mining areas into scenic spots. "Masterpiece". According to the plan, Fushan Iron Mine should comprehensively develop and utilize mineral resources, use resources to attract investment, quickly launch projects, turn waste into treasure, and improve economic benefits. At the same time, a high-standard Shengfutian Road tourist line should be built through the Fushan Iron Mine area to turn the Fushan Iron Mine into a mining park and film and television base.
To this end, the county has provided strong policy support: raising funds through multiple channels, striving for special governance funds from superiors, promoting the auction of slag from renewable resource companies, and ensuring sufficient financial support for environmental governance. At the same time, requirements were also put forward: Mine management should optimize the management plan, select the best from the best, and ensure the treatment effect; it is necessary to broaden the vision and ideas of environmental management, update the environmental management methods, and adopt a variety of methods for management. If it is green, it will be green, and if it is suitable for scenery, it will be green. , to achieve greening and beautification effects.
Fushan Iron Mine once left a huge "ecological deficit" due to the "mining economy". Decades of mining have seriously damaged the geological environment, forming many slag fields, open pits, exposed rocks, and unstable slopes. Such situation makes the rectification task extremely arduous.
In October 2018, Xinbao Group held a mobilization meeting for Fushan Iron Mine mine management and mine park construction. With the overall idea of "eliminating hidden dangers, ecological restoration, land redevelopment, and landscape creation" and in accordance with the governance plan of Hebei Province's geological survey design, Various exposed rock masses and waste residue sites have been initially established, and the treatment plans for each area of Fushan Iron Mine have been planned in detail. It is clear that on the basis of restoring the original appearance of the mining area, the buildings on both sides of the surrounding area will be built and designed; Shengfutian Road will be improved Scenic areas on both sides are set up to improve the overall ornamental value; the open-air subsidence area is planted with soil and trees for greening.
In order to ensure the progress and effect of the treatment and achieve the effective integration of hidden danger elimination, ecological restoration, landscape reconstruction and land development and utilization, Hebei Xinbao Group Co., Ltd. adopts the method of "engineering treatment + vegetation greening", through graded platform cutting, ditch building and ridge building , slag leveling, guest soil backfilling, tree planting and greening and other measures to achieve "all-area management and all-area greening" for the treatment scope of 1 million square meters. For slag piles that are too high at the top of the slope and have a large square volume, they should be mechanically leveled, steps should be cut out in layers, the foot of the slope should be compacted and a retaining wall should be built to lock the debris and then cover it with soil. Drill holes into the bare rock mass and spread grass seeds. Fish scale boards are used to fix the soil on steep slopes to prevent water loss and ensure survival rate. At the same time, we must adhere to the combination of ecological forests and economic forests, grasp key areas and key nodes, scientifically select tree species, and improve the quality of greening and afforestation. (China Mining News reporter Liu Xiaohui)